NARA | The Constitution of the United States: A = Transcription

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November 27, 2007 =

The Constitution of the United States: A=20 Transcription

Note: The following text is a transcription of the=20 Constitution in its original form.
Items that are=20 hyperlinked have since been amended or superseded.

We the People = of the=20 United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish = Justice,=20 insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, = promote the=20 general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves = and our=20 Posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the = United States=20 of America.

Article. I.

Section. 1.

All legislative Powers herein granted shall = be vested=20 in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a = Senate and=20 House of Representatives.

Section. 2.

The House of Representatives shall be = composed of=20 Members chosen every second Year by the People of the several = States, and=20 the Electors in each State shall have the Qualifications requisite = for=20 Electors of the most numerous Branch of the State Legislature.

No Person shall be a Representative who = shall not=20 have attained to the Age of twenty five Years, and been seven = Years a=20 Citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be = an=20 Inhabitant of that State in which he shall be chosen.

Representatives=20 and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States = which may=20 be included within this Union, according to their respective = Numbers,=20 which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free = Persons,=20 including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and = excluding=20 Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons. The = actual=20 Enumeration shall be made within three Years after the first = Meeting of=20 the Congress of the United States, and within every subsequent = Term of ten=20 Years, in such Manner as they shall by Law direct. The Number of=20 Representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty Thousand, = but each=20 State shall have at Least one Representative; and until such = enumeration=20 shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to = chuse=20 three, Massachusetts eight, Rhode-Island and Providence = Plantations one,=20 Connecticut five, New-York six, New Jersey four, Pennsylvania = eight,=20 Delaware one, Maryland six, Virginia ten, North Carolina five, = South=20 Carolina five, and Georgia three.

When vacancies happen in the Representation = from any=20 State, the Executive Authority thereof shall issue Writs of = Election to=20 fill such Vacancies.

The House of Representatives shall chuse = their=20 Speaker and other Officers; and shall have the sole Power of=20 Impeachment.

Section. 3.

The Senate of the United States shall be = composed of=20 two Senators from each State, chosen=20 by the Legislature thereof for six Years; and each Senator = shall have=20 one Vote.

Immediately after they shall be assembled = in=20 Consequence of the first Election, they shall be divided as = equally as may=20 be into three Classes. The Seats of the Senators of the first = Class shall=20 be vacated at the Expiration of the second Year, of the second = Class at=20 the Expiration of the fourth Year, and of the third Class at the=20 Expiration of the sixth Year, so that one third may be chosen = every second=20 Year; and=20 if Vacancies happen by Resignation, or otherwise, during the = Recess of the=20 Legislature of any State, the Executive thereof may make temporary = Appointments until the next Meeting of the Legislature, which = shall then=20 fill such Vacancies.

No Person shall be a Senator who shall not = have=20 attained to the Age of thirty Years, and been nine Years a Citizen = of the=20 United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an Inhabitant = of that=20 State for which he shall be chosen.

The Vice President of the United States = shall be=20 President of the Senate, but shall have no Vote, unless they be = equally=20 divided.

The Senate shall chuse their other = Officers, and also=20 a President pro tempore, in the Absence of the Vice President, or = when he=20 shall exercise the Office of President of the United States.

The Senate shall have the sole Power to try = all=20 Impeachments. When sitting for that Purpose, they shall be on Oath = or=20 Affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the = Chief=20 Justice shall preside: And no Person shall be convicted without = the=20 Concurrence of two thirds of the Members present.

Judgment in Cases of Impeachment shall not = extend=20 further than to removal from Office, and disqualification to hold = and=20 enjoy any Office of honor, Trust or Profit under the United = States: but=20 the Party convicted shall nevertheless be liable and subject to=20 Indictment, Trial, Judgment and Punishment, according to Law.

Section. 4.

The Times, Places and Manner of holding = Elections for=20 Senators and Representatives, shall be prescribed in each State by = the=20 Legislature thereof; but the Congress may at any time by Law make = or alter=20 such Regulations, except as to the Places of chusing Senators.

The Congress shall assemble at least once = in every=20 Year, and such Meeting shall be=20 on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by Law = appoint a=20 different Day.

Section. 5.

Each House shall be the Judge of the = Elections,=20 Returns and Qualifications of its own Members, and a Majority of = each=20 shall constitute a Quorum to do Business; but a smaller Number may = adjourn=20 from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the Attendance of = absent=20 Members, in such Manner, and under such Penalties as each House = may=20 provide.

Each House may determine the Rules of its=20 Proceedings, punish its Members for disorderly Behaviour, and, = with the=20 Concurrence of two thirds, expel a Member.

Each House shall keep a Journal of its = Proceedings,=20 and from time to time publish the same, excepting such Parts as = may in=20 their Judgment require Secrecy; and the Yeas and Nays of the = Members of=20 either House on any question shall, at the Desire of one fifth of = those=20 Present, be entered on the Journal.

Neither House, during the Session of = Congress, shall,=20 without the Consent of the other, adjourn for more than three = days, nor to=20 any other Place than that in which the two Houses shall be = sitting.

Section. 6.

The Senators and Representatives shall = receive a=20 Compensation for their Services, to be ascertained by Law, and = paid out of=20 the Treasury of the United States. They shall in all Cases, except = Treason, Felony and Breach of the Peace, be privileged from Arrest = during=20 their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in = going=20 to and returning from the same; and for any Speech or Debate in = either=20 House, they shall not be questioned in any other Place.

No Senator or Representative shall, during = the Time=20 for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil Office under = the=20 Authority of the United States, which shall have been created, or = the=20 Emoluments whereof shall have been encreased during such time; and = no=20 Person holding any Office under the United States, shall be a = Member of=20 either House during his Continuance in Office.

Section. 7.

All Bills for raising Revenue shall = originate in the=20 House of Representatives; but the Senate may propose or concur = with=20 Amendments as on other Bills.

Every Bill which shall have passed the = House of=20 Representatives and the Senate, shall, before it become a Law, be=20 presented to the President of the United States: If he approve he = shall=20 sign it, but if not he shall return it, with his Objections to = that House=20 in which it shall have originated, who shall enter the Objections = at large=20 on their Journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If after such=20 Reconsideration two thirds of that House shall agree to pass the = Bill, it=20 shall be sent, together with the Objections, to the other House, = by which=20 it shall likewise be reconsidered, and if approved by two thirds = of that=20 House, it shall become a Law. But in all such Cases the Votes of = both=20 Houses shall be determined by yeas and Nays, and the Names of the = Persons=20 voting for and against the Bill shall be entered on the Journal of = each=20 House respectively. If any Bill shall not be returned by the = President=20 within ten Days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been = presented to=20 him, the Same shall be a Law, in like Manner as if he had signed = it,=20 unless the Congress by their Adjournment prevent its Return, in = which Case=20 it shall not be a Law.

Every Order, Resolution, or Vote to which = the=20 Concurrence of the Senate and House of Representatives may be = necessary=20 (except on a question of Adjournment) shall be presented to the = President=20 of the United States; and before the Same shall take Effect, shall = be=20 approved by him, or being disapproved by him, shall be repassed by = two=20 thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to = the Rules=20 and Limitations prescribed in the Case of a Bill.

Section. 8.

The Congress shall have Power To lay and = collect=20 Taxes, Duties, Imposts and Excises, to pay the Debts and provide = for the=20 common Defence and general Welfare of the United States; but all = Duties,=20 Imposts and Excises shall be uniform throughout the United = States;

To borrow Money on the credit of the United = States;

To regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, = and among=20 the several States, and with the Indian Tribes;

To establish an uniform Rule of = Naturalization, and=20 uniform Laws on the subject of Bankruptcies throughout the United=20 States;

To coin Money, regulate the Value thereof, = and of=20 foreign Coin, and fix the Standard of Weights and Measures;

To provide for the Punishment of = counterfeiting the=20 Securities and current Coin of the United States;

To establish Post Offices and post = Roads;

To promote the Progress of Science and = useful Arts,=20 by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the = exclusive Right=20 to their respective Writings and Discoveries;

To constitute Tribunals inferior to the = supreme=20 Court;

To define and punish Piracies and Felonies = committed=20 on the high Seas, and Offences against the Law of Nations;

To declare War, grant Letters of Marque = and=20 Reprisal, and make Rules concerning Captures on Land and = Water;

To raise and support Armies, but no = Appropriation of=20 Money to that Use shall be for a longer Term than two Years;

To provide and maintain a Navy;

To make Rules for the Government and = Regulation of=20 the land and naval Forces;

To provide for calling forth the Militia = to execute=20 the Laws of the Union, suppress Insurrections and repel = Invasions;

To provide for organizing, arming, and = disciplining,=20 the Militia, and for governing such Part of them as may be = employed in the=20 Service of the United States, reserving to the States = respectively, the=20 Appointment of the Officers, and the Authority of training the = Militia=20 according to the discipline prescribed by Congress;

To exercise exclusive Legislation in all = Cases=20 whatsoever, over such District (not exceeding ten Miles square) as = may, by=20 Cession of particular States, and the Acceptance of Congress, = become the=20 Seat of the Government of the United States, and to exercise like=20 Authority over all Places purchased by the Consent of the = Legislature of=20 the State in which the Same shall be, for the Erection of Forts,=20 Magazines, Arsenals, dock-Yards, and other needful = Buildings;--And

To make all Laws which shall be necessary = and proper=20 for carrying into Execution the foregoing Powers, and all other = Powers=20 vested by this Constitution in the Government of the United = States, or in=20 any Department or Officer thereof.

Section. 9.

The Migration or Importation of such = Persons as any=20 of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not = be=20 prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight = hundred=20 and eight, but a Tax or duty may be imposed on such Importation, = not=20 exceeding ten dollars for each Person.

The Privilege of the Writ of Habeas Corpus = shall not=20 be suspended, unless when in Cases of Rebellion or Invasion the = public=20 Safety may require it.

No Bill of Attainder or ex post facto Law = shall be=20 passed.

No Capitation, or other direct, Tax shall = be laid, unless=20 in Proportion to the Census or enumeration herein before directed = to be=20 taken.

No Tax or Duty shall be laid on Articles = exported=20 from any State.

No Preference shall be given by any = Regulation of=20 Commerce or Revenue to the Ports of one State over those of = another; nor=20 shall Vessels bound to, or from, one State, be obliged to enter, = clear, or=20 pay Duties in another.

No Money shall be drawn from the Treasury, = but in=20 Consequence of Appropriations made by Law; and a regular Statement = and=20 Account of the Receipts and Expenditures of all public Money shall = be=20 published from time to time.

No Title of Nobility shall be granted by = the United=20 States: And no Person holding any Office of Profit or Trust under = them,=20 shall, without the Consent of the Congress, accept of any present, = Emolument, Office, or Title, of any kind whatever, from any King, = Prince,=20 or foreign State.

Section. 10.

No State shall enter into any Treaty, = Alliance, or=20 Confederation; grant Letters of Marque and Reprisal; coin Money; = emit=20 Bills of Credit; make any Thing but gold and silver Coin a Tender = in=20 Payment of Debts; pass any Bill of Attainder, ex post facto Law, = or Law=20 impairing the Obligation of Contracts, or grant any Title of = Nobility.

No State shall, without the Consent of the = Congress,=20 lay any Imposts or Duties on Imports or Exports, except what may = be=20 absolutely necessary for executing it's inspection Laws: and the = net=20 Produce of all Duties and Imposts, laid by any State on Imports or = Exports, shall be for the Use of the Treasury of the United = States; and=20 all such Laws shall be subject to the Revision and Controul of the = Congress.

No State shall, without the Consent of = Congress, lay=20 any Duty of Tonnage, keep Troops, or Ships of War in time of = Peace, enter=20 into any Agreement or Compact with another State, or with a = foreign Power,=20 or engage in War, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent = Danger as=20 will not admit of delay.

Article. II.

Section. 1.

The executive Power shall be vested in a = President of=20 the United States of America. He shall hold his Office during the = Term of=20 four Years, and, together with the Vice President, chosen for the = same=20 Term, be elected, as follows:

Each State shall appoint, in such Manner as = the=20 Legislature thereof may direct, a Number of Electors, equal to the = whole=20 Number of Senators and Representatives to which the State may be = entitled=20 in the Congress: but no Senator or Representative, or Person = holding an=20 Office of Trust or Profit under the United States, shall be = appointed an=20 Elector.

The=20 Electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by Ballot = for two=20 Persons, of whom one at least shall not be an Inhabitant of the = same State=20 with themselves. And they shall make a List of all the Persons = voted for,=20 and of the Number of Votes for each; which List they shall sign = and=20 certify, and transmit sealed to the Seat of the Government of the = United=20 States, directed to the President of the Senate. The President of = the=20 Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of = Representatives,=20 open all the Certificates, and the Votes shall then be counted. = The Person=20 having the greatest Number of Votes shall be the President, if = such Number=20 be a Majority of the whole Number of Electors appointed; and if = there be=20 more than one who have such Majority, and have an equal Number of = Votes,=20 then the House of Representatives shall immediately chuse by = Ballot one of=20 them for President; and if no Person have a Majority, then from = the five=20 highest on the List the said House shall in like Manner chuse the=20 President. But in chusing the President, the Votes shall be taken = by=20 States, the Representation from each State having one Vote; A = quorum for=20 this purpose shall consist of a Member or Members from two thirds = of the=20 States, and a Majority of all the States shall be necessary to a = Choice.=20 In every Case, after the Choice of the President, the Person = having the=20 greatest Number of Votes of the Electors shall be the Vice = President. But=20 if there should remain two or more who have equal Votes, the = Senate shall=20 chuse from them by Ballot the Vice President.

The Congress may determine the Time of = chusing the=20 Electors, and the Day on which they shall give their Votes; which = Day=20 shall be the same throughout the United States.

No Person except a natural born Citizen, or = a Citizen=20 of the United States, at the time of the Adoption of this = Constitution,=20 shall be eligible to the Office of President; neither shall any = Person be=20 eligible to that Office who shall not have attained to the Age of = thirty=20 five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United=20 States.

In=20 Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, = Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of = the said=20 Office, the Same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the = Congress may=20 by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or = Inability,=20 both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer = shall=20 then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, = until the=20 Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

The President shall, at stated Times, = receive for his=20 Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be increased nor = diminished=20 during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he = shall not=20 receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United = States, or=20 any of them.

Before he enter on the Execution of his = Office, he=20 shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:--"I do solemnly = swear (or=20 affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of = the=20 United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, = protect and=20 defend the Constitution of the United States."

Section. 2.

The President shall be Commander in Chief = of the Army=20 and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several = States,=20 when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may = require=20 the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the = executive=20 Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their = respective=20 Offices, and he shall have Power to grant Reprieves and Pardons = for=20 Offences against the United States, except in Cases of = Impeachment.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice = and=20 Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two thirds of = the=20 Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with = the Advice=20 and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public = Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other = Officers=20 of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise = provided=20 for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may = by Law=20 vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think = proper, in=20 the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of=20 Departments.

The President shall have Power to fill up = all=20 Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by = granting=20 Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next = Session.

Section. 3.

He shall from time to time give to the = Congress=20 Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their=20 Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and = expedient; he=20 may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of = them,=20 and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time = of=20 Adjournment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think = proper; he=20 shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall = take Care=20 that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the = Officers of the United States.

Section. 4.

The President, Vice President and all civil = Officers=20 of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment = for, and=20 Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and=20 Misdemeanors.

Article III.

Section. 1.

The judicial Power of the United States = shall be=20 vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the = Congress=20 may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of = the=20 supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good=20 Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services = a=20 Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their = Continuance in=20 Office.

Section. 2.

The judicial Power shall extend to all = Cases, in Law=20 and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the = United=20 States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their=20 Authority;--to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public = Ministers and=20 Consuls;--to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction;--to = Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party;--to=20 Controversies between two or more States;-- between=20 a State and Citizens of another State;--between Citizens of = different=20 States;--between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under = Grants of=20 different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, = and=20 foreign States, Citizens or Subjects.

In all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other = public=20 Ministers and Consuls, and those in which a State shall be Party, = the=20 supreme Court shall have original Jurisdiction. In all the other = Cases=20 before mentioned, the supreme Court shall have appellate = Jurisdiction,=20 both as to Law and Fact, with such Exceptions, and under such = Regulations=20 as the Congress shall make.

The Trial of all Crimes, except in Cases of = Impeachment, shall be by Jury; and such Trial shall be held in the = State=20 where the said Crimes shall have been committed; but when not = committed=20 within any State, the Trial shall be at such Place or Places as = the=20 Congress may by Law have directed.

Section. 3.

Treason against the United States, shall = consist only=20 in levying War against them, or in adhering to their Enemies, = giving them=20 Aid and Comfort. No Person shall be convicted of Treason unless on = the=20 Testimony of two Witnesses to the same overt Act, or on Confession = in open=20 Court.

The Congress shall have Power to declare = the=20 Punishment of Treason, but no Attainder of Treason shall work = Corruption=20 of Blood, or Forfeiture except during the Life of the Person=20 attainted.

Article. IV.

Section. 1.

Full Faith and Credit shall be given in = each State to=20 the public Acts, Records, and judicial Proceedings of every other = State.=20 And the Congress may by general Laws prescribe the Manner in which = such=20 Acts, Records and Proceedings shall be proved, and the Effect = thereof.

Section. 2.

The Citizens of each State shall be = entitled to all=20 Privileges and Immunities of Citizens in the several States.

A Person charged in any State with Treason, = Felony,=20 or other Crime, who shall flee from Justice, and be found in = another=20 State, shall on Demand of the executive Authority of the State = from which=20 he fled, be delivered up, to be removed to the State having = Jurisdiction=20 of the Crime.

No=20 Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws = thereof,=20 escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or = Regulation=20 therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be = delivered=20 up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be=20 due.

Section. 3.

New States may be admitted by the Congress = into this=20 Union; but no new State shall be formed or erected within the = Jurisdiction=20 of any other State; nor any State be formed by the Junction of two = or more=20 States, or Parts of States, without the Consent of the = Legislatures of the=20 States concerned as well as of the Congress.

The Congress shall have Power to dispose of = and make=20 all needful Rules and Regulations respecting the Territory or = other=20 Property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this = Constitution=20 shall be so construed as to Prejudice any Claims of the United = States, or=20 of any particular State.

Section. 4.

The United States shall guarantee to every = State in=20 this Union a Republican Form of Government, and shall protect each = of them=20 against Invasion; and on Application of the Legislature, or of the = Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against = domestic=20 Violence.

Article. V.

The Congress, whenever two thirds of both = Houses=20 shall deem it necessary, shall propose Amendments to this = Constitution,=20 or, on the Application of the Legislatures of two thirds of the = several=20 States, shall call a Convention for proposing Amendments, which, = in either=20 Case, shall be valid to all Intents and Purposes, as Part of this=20 Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three fourths = of the=20 several States, or by Conventions in three fourths thereof, as the = one or=20 the other Mode of Ratification may be proposed by the Congress; = Provided=20 that no Amendment which may be made prior to the Year One thousand = eight=20 hundred and eight shall in any Manner affect the first and fourth = Clauses=20 in the Ninth Section of the first Article; and that no State, = without its=20 Consent, shall be deprived of its equal Suffrage in the = Senate.

Article. VI.

All Debts contracted and Engagements = entered into,=20 before the Adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid = against the=20 United States under this Constitution, as under the = Confederation.

This Constitution, and the Laws of the = United States=20 which shall be made in Pursuance thereof; and all Treaties made, = or which=20 shall be made, under the Authority of the United States, shall be = the=20 supreme Law of the Land; and the Judges in every State shall be = bound=20 thereby, any Thing in the Constitution or Laws of any State to the = Contrary notwithstanding.

The Senators and Representatives before = mentioned,=20 and the Members of the several State Legislatures, and all = executive and=20 judicial Officers, both of the United States and of the several = States,=20 shall be bound by Oath or Affirmation, to support this = Constitution; but=20 no religious Test shall ever be required as a Qualification to any = Office=20 or public Trust under the United States.

Article. VII.

The Ratification of the Conventions of nine = States,=20 shall be sufficient for the Establishment of this Constitution = between the=20 States so ratifying the Same.

The Word, "the," being interlined between the seventh and = eighth Lines=20 of the first Page, the Word "Thirty" being partly written on an = Erazure in=20 the fifteenth Line of the first Page, The Words "is tried" being=20 interlined between the thirty second and thirty third Lines of the = first=20 Page and the Word "the" being interlined between the forty third = and forty=20 fourth Lines of the second Page.

Attest William Jackson Secretary

Done in Convention by the Unanimous Consent of the States = present the=20 Seventeenth Day of September in the Year of our Lord one thousand = seven=20 hundred and Eighty seven and of the Independence of the United = States of=20 America the Twelfth In witness whereof We have hereunto subscribed = our=20 Names,

G=B0.=20 Washington
Presidt and deputy from Virginia

Delaware
Geo:=20 Read
Gunning=20 Bedford jun
John=20 Dickinson
Richard=20 Bassett
Jaco:=20 Broom

Maryland
James=20 McHenry
Dan=20 of St Thos. Jenifer
Danl.=20 Carroll

Virginia
John=20 Blair
James=20 Madison Jr.

North=20 Carolina
Wm.=20 Blount
Richd.=20 Dobbs Spaight
Hu=20 Williamson

South=20 Carolina
J.=20 Rutledge
Charl= es=20 Cotesworth Pinckney
Charles=20 Pinckney
Pierce=20 Butler

Georgia
William=20 Few
Abr=20 Baldwin

New=20 Hampshire
John=20 Langdon
Nicholas=20 Gilman

MassachusettsNathaniel=20 Gorham
Rufus=20 King

Connecticut
Wm.=20 Saml. Johnson
Roger=20 Sherman

New=20 York
Alexander=20 Hamilton

New=20 Jersey
Wil:=20 Livingston
David=20 Brearley
Wm.=20 Paterson
Jona:=20 Dayton

Pennsylvania
= B=20 Franklin
Thomas=20 Mifflin
Robt.=20 Morris
Geo.=20 Clymer
Thos.=20 FitzSimons
Jared=20 Ingersoll
James=20 Wilson
Gouv=20 Morris

For biographies of the non-signing delegates to the = Constitutional=20 Convention,
see the Founding=20 Fathers page.

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c= onstitution_transcript.html

U.S. = National=20 Archives & Records Administration
8601 Adelphi Road, = College=20 Park, MD, 20740-6001, =95 1-86-NARA-NARA =95 1-866-272-6272=20